1 00:00:08,160 --> 00:00:11,160 Wednesday, April 16th 1746. 2 00:00:11,800 --> 00:00:13,600 This is the advance battalion 3 00:00:13,720 --> 00:00:16,760 of an English Government army of 9,000 men. 4 00:00:19,960 --> 00:00:22,360 Their objective: Culloden Moor, 5 00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:26,080 four and a half miles southeast of the Highland town of Inverness. 6 00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:31,080 Their purpose: the destruction of the Highland Jacobite army of rebellion, 7 00:00:31,680 --> 00:00:35,160 a tired, ill-administered force of less than 5,000 men 8 00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:38,120 who wait just beyond the top of this ridge. 9 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:41,640 Sir Thomas Sheridan, Jacobite military secretary. 10 00:00:41,880 --> 00:00:45,000 Suffering advanced debility and loss of memory. 11 00:00:45,240 --> 00:00:48,440 Former military engagement 56 years ago. 12 00:00:48,880 --> 00:00:51,560 Sir John MacDonald, Jacobite captain of cavalry. 13 00:00:51,920 --> 00:00:54,160 Aged, frequently intoxicated, 14 00:00:54,480 --> 00:00:57,800 "described as " a man of the most limited capacities.“ 15 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:01,680 John William O'Sullivan, Jacobite quartermaster general. 16 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:04,760 "Described as " an Irishman whose vanity is superseded 17 00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:07,080 only by his lack of wisdom." 18 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:11,200 Prince Charles Edward Stuart, Jacobite commander in chief. 19 00:01:11,800 --> 00:01:17,080 Former military experience: 10 days at a siege at the age of 13. 20 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:21,080 You must understand, without putting too fine a point on it, 21 00:01:21,240 --> 00:01:23,920 that the army here is in a total shambles. 22 00:01:24,160 --> 00:01:26,200 I've got half my company missing. 23 00:01:26,320 --> 00:01:29,240 I just can't find them. They've gone off somewhere to sleep. 24 00:01:29,560 --> 00:01:31,120 Your Royal Highness, 25 00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:35,680 why exactly are Mr Sheridan, Sir John MacDonald and Mr O'Sullivan 26 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:37,880 handling the administration of your army? 27 00:01:38,000 --> 00:01:40,000 Because I chose them. 28 00:01:40,120 --> 00:01:45,040 I consider those gentlemen to be utterly trustworthy and competent. 29 00:01:45,440 --> 00:01:47,960 The first thing my men will find when they do awake 30 00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:50,920 is the enemy on them, cutting their throats. 31 00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:54,920 James MacDonald, taxman. 32 00:02:55,480 --> 00:02:58,400 Senior officer in a ruthless clan system, 33 00:02:58,520 --> 00:03:00,720 who's brought with him on to the moor 34 00:03:00,840 --> 00:03:03,120 men whose land he controls. 35 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:06,520 Alistair McVurrich, subtenant of a taxman. 36 00:03:06,720 --> 00:03:10,760 Owns one eighth of an acre of soggy ground and two cows. 37 00:03:11,080 --> 00:03:13,960 Alan MacColl, subtenant of a subtenant. 38 00:03:14,200 --> 00:03:18,800 Owns half-share in a small potato patch measuring 30 feet. 39 00:03:19,920 --> 00:03:22,520 Angus MacDonald, servant of a subtenant. 40 00:03:22,640 --> 00:03:24,560 He owns nothing. 41 00:03:24,800 --> 00:03:28,120 Lowest in the clan structure, he is called a “cotter.“ 42 00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:31,720 This man is totally dependent on the men above him in the clan system. 43 00:03:31,880 --> 00:03:34,080 They, in their tum, on the taxman. 44 00:03:34,440 --> 00:03:37,120 They, in their tum, on this one man, 45 00:03:37,240 --> 00:03:39,800 the man who has brought them all onto the moor. 46 00:03:39,960 --> 00:03:43,800 Alexander MacDonald, called, in Gaelic, MacDhomhnuill, 47 00:03:43,960 --> 00:03:46,040 chief of the MacDonald's of Keppoch. 48 00:03:46,680 --> 00:03:48,880 The owner of all his tenants' land, 49 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:52,840 the rem he has charged them is to fight with him as clan warriors 50 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:54,520 whenever he decrees. 51 00:03:54,760 --> 00:03:58,680 This is the system of the Highland clan: human rent. 52 00:03:59,480 --> 00:04:03,200 I hold my land from MacCruachan, as my father did, 53 00:04:03,480 --> 00:04:07,360 by bringing him 20 fighting men from amongst my tenants. 54 00:04:07,720 --> 00:04:09,680 These I have brought. 55 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:14,720 To this man, who is rent, today's battle is a matter of honour. 56 00:04:30,880 --> 00:04:33,360 I fight today because it is an honour 57 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:36,320 to be with my chief, MacDhomhnuill, 58 00:04:36,440 --> 00:04:39,600 and because my father fought beside his father. 59 00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:45,400 To this man, who is rem, the battle is a matter of revenge. 60 00:04:55,000 --> 00:04:59,480 I fight first for MacDhomhnuill, then for Charlie. 61 00:04:59,760 --> 00:05:02,520 Then because the Campbells, who did steal my cows, 62 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:04,200 are with the enemy. 63 00:05:04,760 --> 00:05:08,240 I have also raised over 100 men from Rannoch. 64 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:12,400 Some were unwilling. With these, I used force. 65 00:05:12,640 --> 00:05:16,720 Alistair McVurrich, told by his taxman that if he did not fight 66 00:05:16,880 --> 00:05:19,960 he would have his cattle taken and his roof burnt. 67 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:23,040 This is the system of the clan, 68 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:29,560 a system that has brought on to the moor over 4,000 men, 69 00:05:29,680 --> 00:05:33,320 men from Argyll and Inverness, from Moidart, Appin and the isles, 70 00:05:33,440 --> 00:05:36,320 Catholics, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, 71 00:05:36,400 --> 00:05:39,240 the MacDonalds, the MacLeans, the Chisholms, the Camerons, 72 00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:43,560 the Farquharsons, the Frasers, men of 14 major Highland clans. 73 00:05:47,880 --> 00:05:51,520 Men like this. Donald Cameron of Loch Eil, 74 00:05:51,640 --> 00:05:54,280 chief of the powerful clan Cameron, 75 00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:57,280 fearing for the survival of the ancient and ruthless society 76 00:05:57,400 --> 00:05:59,000 to which he belongs. 77 00:05:59,200 --> 00:06:02,960 Because he is here on the moor, most of the other chiefs are here. 78 00:06:03,160 --> 00:06:06,120 Because he is here, Keppoch is here. 79 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:10,400 Because I feel that the Act of Union with England 80 00:06:10,560 --> 00:06:11,920 is a betrayal. 81 00:06:12,280 --> 00:06:16,280 Because Prince Charles is a Catholic and I am a Catholic. 82 00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:19,400 And the king in London is a Protestant. 83 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:22,760 Because Charles is part Scot 84 00:06:22,920 --> 00:06:24,960 and I am a Scot. 85 00:06:25,800 --> 00:06:28,320 And the king in London is a German. 86 00:06:29,760 --> 00:06:31,720 Prince Charles Edward Stuart, 87 00:06:31,840 --> 00:06:35,680 the centre of all these men's hopes, himself half-Polish. 88 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:38,240 Age 25 and four months, 89 00:06:38,360 --> 00:06:40,520 son of the exiled James the Pretender, 90 00:06:40,640 --> 00:06:42,640 he landed in Scotland nine months ago, 91 00:06:42,760 --> 00:06:45,800 raised the clan army on a Highland surge of nationalism, 92 00:06:45,960 --> 00:06:49,880 marched to Derby and came within an ace of toppling the Hanoverian dynasty 93 00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:52,560 and regaining the throne for his father. 94 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:56,240 Though since forced to retreat back into the Highlands 95 00:06:56,400 --> 00:06:58,800 and despite all evidence to the contrary, 96 00:06:58,960 --> 00:07:01,400 Charles remains supremely confident 97 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:05,280 both of victory and his welcome by the English people. 98 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:10,920 King George ll is both a usurper and a tyrant. 99 00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:13,120 He's kept my father's crown 100 00:07:13,240 --> 00:07:16,560 by enslaving all the people of this island. 101 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:19,160 He's deemed unpopular 102 00:07:19,280 --> 00:07:21,480 and I know that once victory is mine 103 00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:24,400 the people of England will welcome me. 104 00:07:30,160 --> 00:07:33,080 Lord George Murray, age 51. 105 00:07:33,200 --> 00:07:35,560 Lieutenant General in the clan army. 106 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:37,440 As their commanding officer, 107 00:07:37,560 --> 00:07:40,120 this man forged the undisciplined Highlanders 108 00:07:40,240 --> 00:07:42,880 into an army that not only almost reached London 109 00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:45,920 but that also twice reduced superior English forces 110 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:47,920 into a panic-stricken rout, 111 00:07:48,040 --> 00:07:51,000 first at Prestonpans, then at Falkirk. 112 00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:55,440 Blunt, imperious, this man has bitterly quarreled with Charles 113 00:07:55,560 --> 00:07:58,080 over the chaos in the army administration 114 00:07:58,240 --> 00:08:01,240 and over the choice of this battlefield, 115 00:08:01,560 --> 00:08:04,120 chosen by John William O'Sullivan. 116 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:07,640 Flat, treeless, devoid of shelter, 117 00:08:08,240 --> 00:08:10,400 ideal for the employment by the British army 118 00:08:10,520 --> 00:08:12,440 of its cannon and cavalry. 119 00:08:13,080 --> 00:08:15,240 And from behind the shelter of these walls, 120 00:08:15,360 --> 00:08:17,920 which O'Sullivan has refused to pull down, 121 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:23,320 Lord George Murray also fears both crossfire and outflanking. 122 00:08:23,960 --> 00:08:25,160 Mr O'Sullivan, 123 00:08:25,320 --> 00:08:28,160 in view of what Lord George feels about the battlefield, 124 00:08:28,280 --> 00:08:29,960 have you inspected the ground yourself? 125 00:08:30,120 --> 00:08:32,480 - No, I have not. - Why not? 126 00:08:32,600 --> 00:08:34,520 Because I don't deem it necessary. 127 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,040 It is a large, plain moor 128 00:08:37,160 --> 00:08:41,880 and, as such, it's a fair field for the enemy horse and cannon 129 00:08:42,040 --> 00:08:44,760 against which the Highlanders will be defenceless. 130 00:08:45,080 --> 00:08:48,160 I have informed His Royal Highness that it is a good field 131 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:49,720 which I believe it to be. 132 00:08:50,040 --> 00:08:52,320 I have told the Prince I do not like it. 133 00:08:52,600 --> 00:08:54,880 Your Highness, why are you fighting today, 134 00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:57,920 when the ground here has been criticized by some of your officers? 135 00:08:58,080 --> 00:08:59,960 Because God is on our side 136 00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:04,640 and I am convinced that my duty to my people lies in fighting today. 137 00:09:05,000 --> 00:09:09,240 It's my opinion that the choice of the field for us is suicidal. 138 00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:03,280 9,000 men, 16 battalions of infantry, 139 00:10:03,640 --> 00:10:05,640 12 squadrons of cavalry, 140 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:07,840 8 companies of militia, 141 00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:11,240 220,000 rounds of musket ammunition, 142 00:10:11,680 --> 00:10:14,120 10 three-pounder battalion cannons, 143 00:10:14,360 --> 00:10:16,880 800 three-pound cannonballs, 144 00:10:17,160 --> 00:10:18,840 500 bags of cannon grapeshot. 145 00:10:40,280 --> 00:10:42,400 This man's name is Fraser. 146 00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:46,080 A deserter from the Government army, he still wears its uniform 147 00:10:46,400 --> 00:10:48,920 but now stands in the ranks of the Prince's army, 148 00:10:49,040 --> 00:10:51,600 amongst the men of his own clan and name. 149 00:10:51,720 --> 00:10:54,160 He knows that, if he is captured as a deserter, 150 00:10:54,280 --> 00:10:58,640 he will be immediately court-martialled to a sentence of death by throttling. 151 00:11:08,160 --> 00:11:12,640 These are the Wild Geese, 150 exiled Irishmen 152 00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:15,240 sewing in the army of His Most Christian Majesty, 153 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:19,440 Louis XV of France, the most powerful ally of the Stuart cause. 154 00:11:20,680 --> 00:11:22,760 Brigadier General Walter Stapleton, 155 00:11:22,880 --> 00:11:26,040 commander, Irish pickets of the French army. 156 00:11:26,520 --> 00:11:30,080 Yes, we're here because Prince Charles is a Catholic. 157 00:11:30,520 --> 00:11:32,800 It will be a fine thing for all Catholics 158 00:11:32,920 --> 00:11:36,000 when Charlie's on the throne and German George is off it. 159 00:11:36,200 --> 00:11:39,240 If we had a Catholic king on the throne in this country, 160 00:11:39,480 --> 00:11:41,280 then we could get back to living in our own. 161 00:11:41,560 --> 00:11:44,640 You must remember that your Protestant king in London 162 00:11:44,760 --> 00:11:48,280 is passing penal laws against the Catholics in Ireland. 163 00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:52,000 I'm from County Tipperary. Now I've got to live in Boulogne. 164 00:11:52,600 --> 00:11:56,440 You won't find a Catholic Irishman with much cause to love George ll. 165 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:05,520 William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, third son of King George ll. 166 00:12:05,960 --> 00:12:08,200 Age 25 and one day. 167 00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:11,040 Commander in chief of the Government army in Scotland. 168 00:12:11,160 --> 00:12:14,040 Salary £15,000 per year. 169 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:19,480 Alexander Laing, private. Salary sixpence a day. 170 00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:23,600 Patrick McColman, three days ago a sergeant, 171 00:12:23,720 --> 00:12:26,080 two days ago 800 lashes for looting, 172 00:12:26,680 --> 00:12:28,640 today a private. 173 00:12:29,920 --> 00:12:31,680 John Mallaby, private. 174 00:12:31,960 --> 00:12:33,880 Pressed into service. 175 00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:37,680 William Roach, private. 176 00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:41,000 Two years of his pay would not buy even the wig and hat 177 00:12:41,160 --> 00:12:43,680 of the officer marching in from of him. 178 00:12:43,800 --> 00:12:46,680 Joshua Ward, lieutenant, British army, 179 00:12:46,840 --> 00:12:49,600 a fraternity where the least pretension to learning, 180 00:12:49,720 --> 00:12:51,640 to piety or to common morals 181 00:12:51,800 --> 00:12:54,680 would endanger the owner to be cashiered. 182 00:12:55,320 --> 00:12:57,160 I will now pass... 183 00:12:58,080 --> 00:13:00,000 in the middle of the second line. 184 00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:01,800 Your Highness. 185 00:13:03,960 --> 00:13:07,080 Give me a battery in the centre of the front line. 186 00:13:14,960 --> 00:13:18,760 Alexander Laing carries a .753 musket, 187 00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:21,400 firing a ball of one ounce and a third weight 188 00:13:21,520 --> 00:13:23,840 an effective distance of 60 paces. 189 00:13:24,320 --> 00:13:28,480 He carries sufficient ball, paper and black powder for 24 cartridges. 190 00:13:29,520 --> 00:13:32,200 He carries at his hip a brass-hiked sword 191 00:13:32,320 --> 00:13:35,240 and a bayonet with 18 inches of fluted steel. 192 00:13:36,520 --> 00:13:39,360 Alistair McVurrich carries in his right hand 193 00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:41,800 an outdated dragoon pistol 194 00:13:41,920 --> 00:13:44,400 for which he has no further ammunition. 195 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:46,960 What's the gun you're sewing? 196 00:13:47,160 --> 00:13:50,080 It's a three-pounder. Right now, it's downright useless. 197 00:13:50,200 --> 00:13:51,520 Why's that? 198 00:13:52,160 --> 00:13:54,160 We've only got 4 lb ammunition for it. 199 00:13:54,880 --> 00:13:56,640 I tell you, it's chaos. 200 00:13:57,400 --> 00:14:01,040 Half the ammunition's with the food. That's still back in Inverness. 201 00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:03,600 I haven't eaten for... I don't know how long. 202 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:07,480 Ah, well now... that really is not my responsibility. 203 00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:10,120 But, Mr O'Sullivan, you are the quartermaster general 204 00:14:10,240 --> 00:14:13,720 and, as such, surely you're responsible for the distribution of food. 205 00:14:13,840 --> 00:14:16,160 In normal circumstances, yes 206 00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:20,080 but now, as I am much pressed by other affairs, 207 00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:22,840 I have given that responsibility to someone else. 208 00:14:23,080 --> 00:14:24,960 When was the last time you ate? 209 00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:31,720 Two days ago. 210 00:14:38,320 --> 00:14:40,280 The day before yesterday. 211 00:14:40,520 --> 00:14:42,520 This morning he killed a pig 212 00:14:42,760 --> 00:14:45,240 but wasn't allowed time to eat it. 213 00:14:49,080 --> 00:14:51,280 I can't remember. 214 00:14:51,600 --> 00:14:55,440 Andrew Henderson, Whig historian, biographer of Cumberland, 215 00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:57,760 eyewitness of the Battle of Culloden. 216 00:14:57,880 --> 00:14:59,520 The time is 12:15. 217 00:15:00,400 --> 00:15:03,280 Now this wall, behind which we're sheltering, 218 00:15:03,400 --> 00:15:07,320 is at approximately right angles to the rebel lines. 219 00:15:07,640 --> 00:15:11,640 I've drawn a rough sketch map here. 220 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:15,880 The rebel lines are here. 221 00:15:16,720 --> 00:15:19,400 We are here. 222 00:15:20,320 --> 00:15:24,400 And the Duke of Cumberland's army is here. 223 00:15:34,520 --> 00:15:37,800 9,000 men in 16 infantry battalions 224 00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:40,400 three of which are themselves Scot, 225 00:15:40,600 --> 00:15:44,200 a total of 1,300 regular soldiers from the Lowlands, 226 00:15:44,440 --> 00:15:46,960 plus, in reserve, the volunteer militias 227 00:15:47,080 --> 00:15:50,000 of Stirling, Edinburgh, Dumfries and Glasgow, 228 00:15:50,120 --> 00:15:52,320 a further 8,000 men. 229 00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:02,560 Charles Edward Stuart, 230 00:16:02,680 --> 00:16:05,680 regent claimant to the thrones of England and Scotland, 231 00:16:05,800 --> 00:16:09,120 has more Scots-in-arms against him than for him. 232 00:16:15,200 --> 00:16:17,200 And, ranged against him in the Highlands, 233 00:16:17,320 --> 00:16:19,680 he has the Whig clans siding with the Government, 234 00:16:19,800 --> 00:16:21,880 the Munros, the Rosses, the MacKenzies, 235 00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:24,320 the McLeods of Skye, the Sutherlands, 236 00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:28,360 and here on the moor, the Campbells of the Argyll militia. 237 00:16:34,600 --> 00:16:38,760 Here to fight Charles and his rebellion, here to take clan revenge, 238 00:16:38,880 --> 00:16:40,920 Angus Ian Campbell, 239 00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:43,840 wife murdered by the MacDonalds. 240 00:16:46,360 --> 00:16:50,680 Alistair MacDonald, brother killed by Campbells in a cattle raid. 241 00:16:51,280 --> 00:16:54,520 For him, loyalties to Charlie mean little. 242 00:16:54,800 --> 00:16:58,360 For him, today's battle is a clan battle. 243 00:16:58,920 --> 00:17:03,080 The swords those bastards use can cut a man in half. 244 00:17:04,120 --> 00:17:05,920 Well, I reckon we'll have them this time. 245 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:10,360 - Why do you say that? - We've got a new bayonet drill, see. 246 00:17:11,040 --> 00:17:13,560 You don't poke at the man in front of you. 247 00:17:13,640 --> 00:17:16,600 You poke at the man coming at your chum on the right. 248 00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:19,960 That means, as he's lifting his sword arm, 249 00:17:20,160 --> 00:17:21,920 you get him underneath, like. 250 00:17:22,880 --> 00:17:24,520 What do you think about the rebels? 251 00:17:25,760 --> 00:17:30,640 Well... I ain't taken me clothes off for six weeks. 252 00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:34,400 I reckon till we lay them bastards out I won't, neither. 253 00:17:34,680 --> 00:17:36,480 I'll tell you one thing. 254 00:17:36,840 --> 00:17:39,760 I know a lot of the boys make fun of our Billy Cumberland 255 00:17:39,960 --> 00:17:41,880 but I reckon he's all right. 256 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:44,400 He's a tough bastard but at least he feeds you 257 00:17:44,520 --> 00:17:46,720 which is more than some of them do. 258 00:17:46,840 --> 00:17:51,360 I've heard said the rebels want to cut him as small as herbs for the pot. 259 00:17:51,480 --> 00:17:54,280 Well... I don't reckon that. 260 00:17:54,680 --> 00:17:56,840 They're a lot of friggin' savages. 261 00:17:58,360 --> 00:18:00,200 Donald Gram, a farmer, 262 00:18:00,360 --> 00:18:03,040 forced a month ago into the Highland army, 263 00:18:03,160 --> 00:18:06,040 twice has deserted back to farm and family, 264 00:18:06,200 --> 00:18:09,320 twice has been captured and forced to return. 265 00:18:10,360 --> 00:18:12,480 Euan MacDonald, farmer, 266 00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:17,080 forced into the Highland army the day before yesterday. 267 00:18:17,560 --> 00:18:20,480 With him his son, John Angus MacDonald, 268 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:23,240 the day before yesterday a ploughboy, 269 00:18:23,360 --> 00:18:25,480 today a rebel in arms. 270 00:18:25,680 --> 00:18:27,320 His age, 13. 271 00:18:35,920 --> 00:18:39,800 I can't just make out what's happening in the rebel lines. 272 00:18:40,400 --> 00:18:42,880 There's much confusion of movement. 273 00:18:44,080 --> 00:18:47,880 Large numbers of men are moving about, changing their position... 274 00:18:50,320 --> 00:18:53,120 and there are large gaps in the centre. 275 00:18:53,880 --> 00:18:57,600 It seems to me as though the entire line is completely askew. 276 00:18:58,000 --> 00:18:58,920 Why is this? 277 00:18:59,040 --> 00:19:01,680 We are all MacDonalds and, as such, 278 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:06,600 we are entitled to stand on the right in the line of battle. 279 00:19:07,640 --> 00:19:11,160 This is an ancient MacDonald privilege 280 00:19:11,840 --> 00:19:14,400 and yet Mr O'Sullivan 281 00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:18,520 has thought fit to place Lord George Murray's men 282 00:19:19,400 --> 00:19:20,680 in that position. 283 00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:24,920 The main reason is that yesterday the Prince had an idea 284 00:19:25,080 --> 00:19:28,760 for a surprise march by night on the camp of Cumberland. 285 00:19:28,920 --> 00:19:31,600 This we attempted. It failed. 286 00:19:31,800 --> 00:19:35,320 But it meant that we were all up marching the entire night. 287 00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:38,640 Consequently, the men are exhausted 288 00:19:38,720 --> 00:19:41,440 and are still stumbling into their positions. 289 00:19:41,760 --> 00:19:44,160 What effect has this had on your men? 290 00:19:45,360 --> 00:19:46,920 Look at them. 291 00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:49,280 When did you last sleep? 292 00:19:55,840 --> 00:19:57,920 As far as I am concerned, 293 00:19:58,080 --> 00:20:01,160 we are now putting an end to a bad affair. 294 00:20:01,520 --> 00:20:04,840 The Scots are fair fighters until a crisis is reached 295 00:20:05,280 --> 00:20:07,840 and it's my opinion we've now reached that crisis. 296 00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:11,200 With all these things amiss in our army, 297 00:20:11,400 --> 00:20:14,440 it would have been better had the Prince made some plan for retreat. 298 00:20:14,800 --> 00:20:17,600 Bu! Charles has made no plans for retreat. 299 00:20:17,720 --> 00:20:21,560 He says that only those who are afraid can doubt his coming victory. 300 00:20:21,720 --> 00:20:24,400 He puts from his mind the discontent of the MacDonalds, 301 00:20:24,560 --> 00:20:26,600 the fatigue and hunger of his men, 302 00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:28,880 the total outnumbering of his army, 303 00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:30,680 the thinning of ranks by desertion, 304 00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:32,720 the ill choice of battlefield, 305 00:20:32,880 --> 00:20:37,080 convinced as he is of the invincibility of his men. 306 00:20:37,280 --> 00:20:39,400 God is on our side. 307 00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:43,240 Our cause is just and we will triumph this day. 308 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:48,400 The soldiers in the Elector's army know me to be their lawful Prince. 309 00:20:48,920 --> 00:20:51,840 And so I'm convinced they'll break in panic, 310 00:20:51,960 --> 00:20:54,840 for they will never dare fight me. 311 00:20:55,240 --> 00:20:59,400 Battalion, fix your bayonets. Fix. 312 00:21:24,680 --> 00:21:27,600 This man's name is Chisholm, James Chisholm. 313 00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:32,040 A private in the Government army, he is also a Highland Scot. 314 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:37,560 This man's name too is Chisholm, Roderick Og Chisholm. 315 00:21:38,240 --> 00:21:39,600 Fifth son of the clan chief, 316 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:42,640 he stands before his men in the Prince's army. 317 00:21:43,160 --> 00:21:47,000 The Chisholm 500 yards away is this man's brother. 318 00:21:48,520 --> 00:21:52,080 Charles Edward Stuart's war is a civil war. 319 00:21:59,960 --> 00:22:03,040 They've started. The rebel cannon have opened fire. 320 00:22:03,480 --> 00:22:06,800 The cannon have opened from the rebels' centre 321 00:22:06,920 --> 00:22:09,280 and they're over-elevated. 322 00:22:09,680 --> 00:22:10,800 Fire! 323 00:22:14,280 --> 00:22:14,960 Batteries... 324 00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:18,400 from open sights... 325 00:22:18,840 --> 00:22:21,800 at will... fire! 326 00:22:22,360 --> 00:22:23,480 Pull! 327 00:22:23,920 --> 00:22:25,080 Fire! 328 00:22:27,800 --> 00:22:29,120 Fire! 329 00:22:30,000 --> 00:22:32,160 That's the Duke of Cumberland's cannons. 330 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:36,800 Cannonades all around me! 331 00:22:37,000 --> 00:22:39,600 I'm going to have to shout to make myself heard! 332 00:22:46,520 --> 00:22:50,120 The smoke is beginning to thicken. 333 00:22:50,720 --> 00:22:52,760 It's going to be very difficult 334 00:22:52,920 --> 00:22:57,400 to see what effect our cannon is having on the rebel lines. 335 00:23:12,360 --> 00:23:16,440 A cast-iron ball of three pounds' weight, fired from open sights. 336 00:23:16,600 --> 00:23:20,000 This is roundshot. This is what it does. 337 00:23:20,720 --> 00:23:22,200 Pull! 338 00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:31,320 Alistair McInnes, age 20. Right leg severed below knee joint. 339 00:23:35,840 --> 00:23:40,920 Malcolm Angus Chisholm, age 24. Disembowelled. 340 00:23:43,560 --> 00:23:47,360 Ian MacDonald, age 13. Shot. 341 00:23:50,360 --> 00:23:51,600 1:12. 342 00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:55,040 Dazed, indecisive, Charles has moved to behind 343 00:23:55,160 --> 00:23:57,280 the right flank of the Jacobite lines 344 00:23:57,400 --> 00:24:00,600 and is now unable to see what is happening to his army. 345 00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:13,600 Ordered by O'Sullivan to stand in the ranks six-deep, 346 00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:15,240 the men on the Highland right 347 00:24:15,360 --> 00:24:18,600 make a clear and tight-packed target for the English gunners. 348 00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:26,120 Pull! 349 00:24:29,120 --> 00:24:32,560 The rebels' artillery have stopped firing altogether 350 00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:35,640 and, before they did, we counted... How many? 351 00:24:36,760 --> 00:24:40,480 We counted 15 to 20 shots fired by our artillery 352 00:24:40,720 --> 00:24:42,800 for every one fired by the rebels. 353 00:24:44,120 --> 00:24:45,240 1:17. 354 00:24:45,400 --> 00:24:48,440 The second result of O'Sullivan's administration. 355 00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:52,760 The Prince's artillery, iii-fed by a sporadic ammunition supply, 356 00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:55,320 ill-served by untrained amateurs, 357 00:24:55,520 --> 00:24:56,920 ceases fire. 358 00:24:57,240 --> 00:24:58,440 Pull! 359 00:25:02,800 --> 00:25:04,640 Have you had orders to attack, sir? 360 00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:07,240 - No, I've had none! - Well, why not? 361 00:25:07,360 --> 00:25:09,240 The Prince hasn't given any! 362 00:25:09,360 --> 00:25:12,400 If he doesn't give them soon, he'll lose the entire army! 363 00:25:12,520 --> 00:25:14,160 We're being shelled to pieces! 364 00:25:34,640 --> 00:25:35,880 Pull! 365 00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:39,000 Reload! 366 00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:42,240 Pull! 367 00:25:53,560 --> 00:25:54,640 Reload! 368 00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:16,000 - What's the Prince doing? - I don't know! 369 00:26:16,120 --> 00:26:18,240 Nobody knows what he's doing! 370 00:26:18,400 --> 00:26:21,680 1:22. Prince Charles Stuart, paralyzed with indecision, 371 00:26:21,800 --> 00:26:25,720 still has given no order, either to advance or to retreat. 372 00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:30,680 1:22. Clan Cameron, 200 men, shot to pieces. 373 00:26:30,800 --> 00:26:34,000 Clan Stewart, 180 men, shot to pieces. 374 00:26:35,480 --> 00:26:37,320 This is fantastic! 375 00:26:37,440 --> 00:26:39,400 If this keeps up much longer, 376 00:26:39,520 --> 00:26:42,040 our gunners will have finished the whole affair. 377 00:26:42,200 --> 00:26:46,040 The cannonade... The cannonade has given our men infinite spirits. 378 00:26:52,760 --> 00:26:56,960 Clan Chisholm casualties, 47 killed or maimed. 379 00:26:59,280 --> 00:27:03,360 This is incredible! Those men have been standing there for 22 minutes! 380 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:06,240 They're just lining the ranks! 381 00:27:07,280 --> 00:27:10,440 The rebels are being literally blown apart! 382 00:27:10,920 --> 00:27:14,560 Why are they standing there? Why in God's name don't they run? 383 00:27:16,360 --> 00:27:19,240 1:30. Still no order to advance. 384 00:27:19,360 --> 00:27:23,320 Clan army casualties, 700 dead or maimed. 385 00:27:37,760 --> 00:27:39,680 Charles Stuart hopes that by not advancing 386 00:27:39,800 --> 00:27:43,960 he will tempt the Government army out of its battle lines to attack him. 387 00:27:44,280 --> 00:27:47,200 1:32 pm. Cumberland orders a move 388 00:27:48,480 --> 00:27:50,880 but not the one his cousin is expecting. 389 00:27:51,360 --> 00:27:54,320 I want Wolfe's battalion to advance inside on the left! 390 00:27:54,440 --> 00:27:55,160 Your Highness! 391 00:28:00,120 --> 00:28:02,880 At 1:32, Cumberland places a battalion 392 00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:06,400 behind one of the walls O'Sullivan has refused to pull down, 393 00:28:07,320 --> 00:28:09,240 to fire into the side of the clan army 394 00:28:09,400 --> 00:28:11,440 when it charges the Government front. 395 00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:15,640 This is the crossfire O'Sullivan said would never happen. 396 00:28:26,120 --> 00:28:31,320 Oh, yes, yes... Units of the Argyll... the Campbell-Argyll militia, yes? 397 00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:34,720 And there are squadrons of dragoons with them. 398 00:28:35,640 --> 00:28:38,960 Yes, it's obvious that His Royal Highness has decided 399 00:28:39,120 --> 00:28:43,800 to have units of the Campbell-Argyll militia and some squadrons of dragoons 400 00:28:43,920 --> 00:28:47,840 to go down behind the south side of this wall, 401 00:28:47,960 --> 00:28:49,480 out of sight of the enemy, 402 00:28:49,600 --> 00:28:53,160 to take them in the rear and outflank the rebels. 403 00:28:54,320 --> 00:28:56,720 Thus, also at 1:32 pm, 404 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:58,920 begins the outflanking movement 405 00:28:59,040 --> 00:29:01,800 that O'Sullivan said would never happen. 406 00:29:03,400 --> 00:29:06,600 29 minutes too late, Charles Stuart orders an advance 407 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:09,480 along the entire from of the Jacobite army. 408 00:29:11,800 --> 00:29:14,120 And you make the right side advance! 409 00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:22,760 Bu! The message fails to reach the right wing. 410 00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:26,360 Casualties, 850. 411 00:29:31,240 --> 00:29:33,560 Have you still had no orders to attack? 412 00:29:33,680 --> 00:29:35,560 No! I've had no orders! 413 00:29:35,680 --> 00:29:38,480 I had a message from Mr O'Sullivan, 414 00:29:38,600 --> 00:29:41,880 which, as ever, I failed to comprehend! 415 00:29:42,000 --> 00:29:43,840 - The line's broken up! - What? 416 00:29:47,160 --> 00:29:49,720 They're charging, they're coming straight at us! 417 00:29:51,760 --> 00:29:53,880 Sir, the right has broken forward! 418 00:29:54,600 --> 00:29:55,720 The walls will hold them. 419 00:29:56,280 --> 00:30:00,200 - They're going straight! - Get down behing the wall there! 420 00:30:05,040 --> 00:30:08,480 After 28 minutes of cannonfire! What sort of men are these? 421 00:30:09,080 --> 00:30:11,720 - Right! Change from ball to grape. - Change from ball to grape! 422 00:30:14,040 --> 00:30:16,520 A cylindrical canvas bag eight inches in length, 423 00:30:16,600 --> 00:30:19,400 packed with musketballs and pieces of jagged iron. 424 00:30:19,600 --> 00:30:22,400 This is grapeshot. This is what it does. 425 00:30:22,520 --> 00:30:23,800 Pull! 426 00:30:28,560 --> 00:30:29,560 Pull! 427 00:30:35,200 --> 00:30:38,000 It must be the grape! The centre has collided with the right. 428 00:30:38,280 --> 00:30:39,800 There's great confusion, bodies flying! 429 00:31:03,160 --> 00:31:05,720 They must be going to receive fire from our centre battalions! 430 00:31:18,520 --> 00:31:20,720 Charge! Charge! 431 00:31:28,240 --> 00:31:29,920 Fire! 432 00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:35,520 Bastards! 433 00:31:39,560 --> 00:31:40,960 God, they're almost upon us! 434 00:31:48,240 --> 00:31:50,960 They're firing from this side and from this side. 435 00:31:51,080 --> 00:31:52,680 They're been cut to pieces! 436 00:31:52,760 --> 00:31:54,680 It must be chaos behind those walls! Chaos! 437 00:32:04,920 --> 00:32:06,600 Barrell's! 438 00:32:08,440 --> 00:32:11,400 Towards this one regiment, Barrell's Fourth of Foot, 439 00:32:11,720 --> 00:32:14,600 heads the entire right of the clan army, 440 00:32:14,760 --> 00:32:16,760 800 men in a solid clump, 441 00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:20,640 running with a collision speed of over 12 miles an hour. 442 00:32:28,920 --> 00:32:31,560 Alternate... firing! 443 00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:33,880 Battalion, take care. 444 00:32:34,200 --> 00:32:36,960 Fall in by rank. Take aim! 445 00:32:37,920 --> 00:32:39,560 Rear rank, present! 446 00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:41,760 Rear rank, fire! 447 00:32:48,120 --> 00:32:49,120 Fire! 448 00:32:51,240 --> 00:32:52,760 Front rank, take aim! 449 00:32:54,040 --> 00:32:54,920 Front rank, fire! 450 00:32:58,840 --> 00:33:00,040 Rear rank, present. 451 00:33:01,120 --> 00:33:02,080 Fire! 452 00:33:05,120 --> 00:33:06,560 Centre rank, present. 453 00:33:11,520 --> 00:33:13,120 Front rank, present. 454 00:33:25,240 --> 00:33:27,640 Remember, Barrell's, off to the right! 455 00:34:35,440 --> 00:34:37,200 They've broken through Barrell's! 456 00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:47,320 General Huske, advance Bligh's and Semphill's, support on the left. 457 00:34:47,480 --> 00:34:48,200 Your Highness. 458 00:34:48,320 --> 00:34:52,760 1:57 and the Duke of Cumberland sees the men of his second line, 459 00:34:52,880 --> 00:34:56,720 placed there for just such an emergency, fire with crippling effect 460 00:34:56,880 --> 00:34:59,600 into the Highlanders who broke through the from line. 461 00:35:00,360 --> 00:35:04,160 1:57. Charles Stuart, who has made no battle plan at all, 462 00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:08,560 sees, on the right wing, his men run from this concentrated musketfire 463 00:35:09,040 --> 00:35:10,760 and sees, on his left wing, 464 00:35:11,040 --> 00:35:13,400 the MacDonalds, tired, hungry, 465 00:35:13,480 --> 00:35:16,800 rebellious at not being given their rightful battle position by O'Sullivan, 466 00:35:16,880 --> 00:35:19,840 hold back from charging the royal army right. 467 00:35:19,960 --> 00:35:21,560 Instead, they stand and taunt, 468 00:35:21,680 --> 00:35:24,720 trying to tempt the royal army lines forward in disorder. 469 00:35:25,200 --> 00:35:28,560 Battalion Pulteney's, make ready! 470 00:35:43,320 --> 00:35:45,080 They're stopping to pick up stones! Shoot! 471 00:35:53,320 --> 00:35:58,560 1:58. The MacDonalds, dismayed at the sight of the advancing cavalry, 472 00:35:58,640 --> 00:36:00,560 themselves draw back. 473 00:36:00,760 --> 00:36:02,080 Keppoch, one of their leaders, 474 00:36:02,240 --> 00:36:05,360 runs forward with other clan officers to encourage them 475 00:36:05,600 --> 00:36:08,280 and is shot through twice by musketball. 476 00:36:08,800 --> 00:36:12,400 About him, his men tum and run. 477 00:36:12,840 --> 00:36:15,320 Time 1:59 pm. 478 00:36:15,640 --> 00:36:17,960 The rout of the Highland army begins. 479 00:36:18,520 --> 00:36:20,240 Christ, they're running. 480 00:36:20,520 --> 00:36:23,120 They're leaving the field except for two small units, 481 00:36:23,320 --> 00:36:25,000 the French and the Irish. 482 00:36:28,240 --> 00:36:30,560 Let them through. Stand your ground. 483 00:36:58,440 --> 00:37:00,360 Guard, forward! 484 00:37:02,560 --> 00:37:03,880 Oh, Jesus! 485 00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:06,840 Front rank, present. Fire! 486 00:37:12,000 --> 00:37:13,520 Re-form! Re-form! 487 00:37:18,760 --> 00:37:22,120 Stand and aim! Fire! 488 00:37:42,720 --> 00:37:45,120 Walter Stapleton, commander, Irish pickets, 489 00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:47,600 cut down with 100 of his men 490 00:37:47,800 --> 00:37:49,760 as the Scots about them run. 491 00:37:51,840 --> 00:37:53,760 Where are you going, you? 492 00:37:56,000 --> 00:37:58,760 Charles Stuart tries to rally his men. 493 00:37:58,960 --> 00:38:01,760 "Pray stand with me, your Prince," he cries. 494 00:38:01,840 --> 00:38:04,840 "Pray stand with me but a moment, otherwise you ruin me, 495 00:38:05,040 --> 00:38:07,840 "your country and yourselves and God forgive you.“". 496 00:38:07,960 --> 00:38:09,360 But it is too late. 497 00:38:09,560 --> 00:38:11,920 At one minute past two in the afternoon, 498 00:38:12,040 --> 00:38:13,680 his cause in ruins, 499 00:38:13,840 --> 00:38:16,440 Charles Edward Stuart is led from the battlefield 500 00:38:16,600 --> 00:38:19,480 by the man most responsible for his defeat. 501 00:38:19,800 --> 00:38:24,080 As Charles leaves, a senior clan officer screams after him, 502 00:38:24,160 --> 00:38:26,600 "Run, you cowardly Italian." 503 00:38:27,240 --> 00:38:28,480 - Mr Fossett. - Your Highness? 504 00:38:28,600 --> 00:38:31,400 - You will order a general ceasefire. - Your Highness. 505 00:38:59,920 --> 00:39:02,520 Of the 9,000 men of the royal army 506 00:39:02,920 --> 00:39:05,280 who advanced this morning from Naim with Private Laing, 507 00:39:06,080 --> 00:39:08,880 an estimated 50 are dead. 508 00:39:10,920 --> 00:39:13,720 Bu! For every one corpse in the royal army 509 00:39:14,320 --> 00:39:17,040 there are 24 in the clan army. 510 00:39:19,480 --> 00:39:22,440 Piled in layers, dead or dying, 511 00:39:22,600 --> 00:39:24,840 are 1,200 men... 512 00:39:27,760 --> 00:39:31,560 including the brother of Private James Chisholm. 513 00:39:33,360 --> 00:39:36,880 There was scarce a soldier or officer of Barrell's Fourth of Foot 514 00:39:37,200 --> 00:39:41,160 who did not kill one or two men each with their bayonets or spontoons. 515 00:39:41,880 --> 00:39:44,640 Not a bayonet but was bent and stained with blood 516 00:39:44,760 --> 00:39:46,680 to the muzzles of their muskets. 517 00:39:47,560 --> 00:39:51,560 All witnesses agreed that, if grapeshot were the king of battles, 518 00:39:52,280 --> 00:39:55,240 the bayonet was now the queen of weapons. 519 00:39:56,360 --> 00:40:00,040 "It is mine and everybody': opinion," boasts a trooper, 520 00:40:00,200 --> 00:40:04,160 "that no history can brag of so singular a victory." 521 00:40:06,880 --> 00:40:08,320 How do you feel? 522 00:40:11,280 --> 00:40:13,360 Don't feel nothing, really. 523 00:40:20,040 --> 00:40:23,080 I feel all right! Well, now it's over. 524 00:41:00,720 --> 00:41:04,120 Battalion, take care! 525 00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:06,080 Halt! 526 00:41:08,280 --> 00:41:11,320 2:14pm. The battalions of Cumberland 527 00:41:11,480 --> 00:41:16,360 halt at the lines held by the rebels one hour and eight minutes ago. 528 00:41:19,920 --> 00:41:23,000 Battalion, shoulder your firelocks! 529 00:41:26,080 --> 00:41:28,880 Three cheers for His Royal Highness! 530 00:41:29,240 --> 00:41:31,360 - Hip, hip! - Hurrah! 531 00:41:31,640 --> 00:41:35,200 Thus has ended the last battle to be fought in Britain 532 00:41:35,360 --> 00:41:39,000 and the last armed attempt to overthrow its king. 533 00:41:39,880 --> 00:41:43,920 The Establishment has been saved, peace restored, 534 00:41:44,040 --> 00:41:48,360 Church, Crown, trade and commerce safeguarded. 535 00:41:54,680 --> 00:41:58,360 Thus the Duke of Cumberland won his only victory 536 00:41:58,800 --> 00:42:01,720 and Charles suffered his only defeat. 537 00:42:02,000 --> 00:42:05,720 His advisers are shortly to urge his instructions for reassembly. 538 00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:10,320 "He is to reply, " Do as you wish. Only, for God's sake, let us go.“ 539 00:42:10,840 --> 00:42:14,360 Charles Edward Stuart, his cause now in ruins, 540 00:42:15,120 --> 00:42:17,240 has given one order too many. 541 00:42:21,200 --> 00:42:25,120 Charles pitted these men against the modem musket and bayonet, 542 00:42:25,360 --> 00:42:27,520 against cavalry and cannon. 543 00:42:28,440 --> 00:42:31,040 Thus, in one hour, eight minutes, 544 00:42:31,800 --> 00:42:34,560 he has reduced the flower of the Highland clans 545 00:42:34,840 --> 00:42:37,240 to twitching, limbless corpses. 546 00:42:54,040 --> 00:42:57,360 2:30 pm and His Royal Highness, the Duke of Cumberland, 547 00:42:57,480 --> 00:43:01,400 orders rum and brandy, cheese and biscuits for his “brave boys.“ 548 00:43:04,720 --> 00:43:07,440 For the wounded and dying clansmen on the moor, 549 00:43:07,560 --> 00:43:09,520 there is to be different treatment. 550 00:43:27,360 --> 00:43:31,280 All over the battlefield, whilst the Duke of Cumberland eats his lunch, 551 00:43:31,400 --> 00:43:33,840 any clansmen seen to be still alive 552 00:43:33,960 --> 00:43:37,120 is either slit in the throat, pistolled through the head 553 00:43:37,240 --> 00:43:41,200 or bayonetted and trampled on until, in the words of an eyewitness, 554 00:43:41,280 --> 00:43:43,520 "the moor was covered with blood" 555 00:43:43,640 --> 00:43:46,560 "and our British soldiers looked less like Christian men" 556 00:43:46,680 --> 00:43:47,800 "than so many butchers." 557 00:43:47,920 --> 00:43:49,800 What about some grub? 558 00:43:52,280 --> 00:43:55,760 This rebel host has been most deeply indebted to the public 559 00:43:55,920 --> 00:43:58,880 for all the rapine, murder and cruelty 560 00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:03,080 and our men are heartily determined to give them receipt in full. 561 00:44:04,920 --> 00:44:05,760 Cut him! 562 00:44:07,200 --> 00:44:10,400 Cut him, you bastard! Take him to the shoulder! 563 00:44:23,920 --> 00:44:26,720 I'm letting my regiments of horse loose after the battle 564 00:44:26,840 --> 00:44:29,400 in order they may have some sweets with all their fatigue. 565 00:44:46,320 --> 00:44:49,240 Thus nearly 100 people are to be butchered or maimed 566 00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:51,280 on the road to Inverness. 567 00:44:53,600 --> 00:44:57,760 Butchered whether or not they took any part in the battle. 568 00:45:01,840 --> 00:45:03,840 They took my baby. 569 00:45:04,760 --> 00:45:07,040 He's only two weeks old. 570 00:45:09,240 --> 00:45:14,160 And one of them whirled him around by his leg... 571 00:45:15,320 --> 00:45:17,320 and threw him on to the ground. 572 00:45:18,240 --> 00:45:21,440 This is Jean Clark, aged 28. 573 00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:24,160 Cut about the face and body by sabres, 574 00:45:24,360 --> 00:45:27,800 she was left lying for dead on the road to Inverness. 575 00:45:30,360 --> 00:45:33,120 The soldiers came in and caught him, and Daddy too 576 00:45:33,320 --> 00:45:35,880 but I got away through a hole in the wall. 577 00:45:36,040 --> 00:45:39,160 - How old was your brother? - Lachlan was nine. 578 00:45:40,240 --> 00:45:43,520 I don't... I don't know where he and Daddy are now. 579 00:45:47,120 --> 00:45:48,120 Come on, you! 580 00:45:48,240 --> 00:45:50,680 4 pm. Inverness. 581 00:45:54,720 --> 00:45:57,720 James Rae: trooper, Kingston's Light Horse, 582 00:45:58,160 --> 00:46:01,440 the first man of Cumberland': army to enter the Highland capital, 583 00:46:01,600 --> 00:46:03,640 the first man to show its inhabitants 584 00:46:03,800 --> 00:46:05,800 what is to be expected from an Englishman 585 00:46:05,920 --> 00:46:09,360 protecting his liberty and his Protestant religion. 586 00:46:30,400 --> 00:46:33,600 There was these two men, shouting and screaming. 587 00:46:34,520 --> 00:46:39,880 And then he came out and there was blood on his hands. 588 00:46:41,720 --> 00:46:44,320 These troopers from the Duke of Kingston's Light Horse Regiment 589 00:46:44,440 --> 00:46:46,000 are later to be commended by Cumberland 590 00:46:46,160 --> 00:46:48,320 for their "zeal in the pursuit." 591 00:46:48,440 --> 00:46:50,360 Each of them comes from Nottingham. 592 00:46:50,480 --> 00:46:53,040 Each of them by trade is a butcher. 593 00:46:54,360 --> 00:46:57,720 James Rae himself, who, like the other troopers of Kingston's Light Horse, 594 00:46:57,840 --> 00:47:00,520 played his pan in the battle when it was over, 595 00:47:00,640 --> 00:47:02,120 is later to return to Nottingham, 596 00:47:02,240 --> 00:47:04,320 where his regimental colours are to be laid to rest 597 00:47:04,440 --> 00:47:06,800 with great pomp and ceremony. 598 00:47:07,480 --> 00:47:09,800 "To the perpetual fame and immortal memory 599 00:47:09,920 --> 00:47:12,120 "of the Duke of Kingston's Light Horse, 600 00:47:12,200 --> 00:47:16,240 "where, amongst others, on the 16th day of April 1746, 601 00:47:16,840 --> 00:47:19,160 "they performed many and glorious exploits 602 00:47:19,280 --> 00:47:23,040 "in routing and entirely subduing the perfidious rebels.“". 603 00:47:25,400 --> 00:47:27,960 "Long may the county of Nottingham flourish." 604 00:47:28,400 --> 00:47:31,480 "God save our ever august King." 605 00:47:36,360 --> 00:47:39,560 April 16th. 10:30 pm. Inverness. 606 00:47:40,360 --> 00:47:42,560 For William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, 607 00:47:42,760 --> 00:47:44,680 third son of King George ll, 608 00:47:44,800 --> 00:47:47,840 an evening of immense satisfaction and triumph. 609 00:47:47,960 --> 00:47:51,120 At the age of 25, he has saved his father's kingdom 610 00:47:51,240 --> 00:47:54,280 and redeemed the reputation of the British army. 611 00:47:54,360 --> 00:47:57,960 At his table, older officers drink his toast and declare him to be 612 00:47:58,200 --> 00:48:00,960 one of the greatest English captains since Marlborough. 613 00:48:01,080 --> 00:48:05,600 His cousin Charles, until today the heroic leader of an armed rebellion, 614 00:48:05,840 --> 00:48:08,320 is now a fugitive in the heather. 615 00:48:11,560 --> 00:48:14,960 If further proof were needed of this young man's prowess, 616 00:48:15,840 --> 00:48:17,200 it is here, 617 00:48:17,440 --> 00:48:21,720 unheeded by him, four and a half miles away. 618 00:48:26,240 --> 00:48:29,680 This is Lachlan MacDonald of Lochaber, 619 00:48:30,280 --> 00:48:33,120 right leg severed below the knee joint. 620 00:48:34,240 --> 00:48:38,840 He's been lying on the moor untended for 13 hours. 621 00:48:39,800 --> 00:48:42,680 For most of the time, it has been raining. 622 00:48:49,080 --> 00:48:51,880 This is Mrs Anne Hossack of Inverness. 623 00:48:52,160 --> 00:48:55,320 Somewhere on the moor, amidst 1,200 dead and dying, 624 00:48:55,560 --> 00:48:57,480 is her husband. 625 00:48:58,200 --> 00:48:59,800 I don't know... 626 00:49:02,040 --> 00:49:03,640 where he is. 627 00:49:14,880 --> 00:49:18,200 For Alexander Laing, private, Barrell's Fourth Regiment of Foot, 628 00:49:18,360 --> 00:49:21,400 this evening is also one of immense satisfaction. 629 00:49:21,640 --> 00:49:25,000 His regiment has acquitted itself with honour on the field of battle. 630 00:49:25,280 --> 00:49:28,280 He himself has despatched three of the rebels 631 00:49:28,440 --> 00:49:32,480 and, above all, he himself has escaped death and maiming. 632 00:49:34,840 --> 00:49:35,800 Lucky bastard! 633 00:49:35,920 --> 00:49:39,320 Battalion will take care while the casualty lists are read. 634 00:49:41,520 --> 00:49:43,640 It's all right for you, my lord! 635 00:49:44,720 --> 00:49:46,760 This is Mrs Anne Walker, 636 00:49:47,120 --> 00:49:50,800 wife of Private Andrew Walker, who was wounded in the ranks of Barrell's 637 00:49:50,920 --> 00:49:53,080 and taken to the surgeons' lines. 638 00:49:53,480 --> 00:49:58,280 This woman, also, has no idea whether her husband is alive or dead. 639 00:50:02,080 --> 00:50:05,880 It is given out this morning of Thursday 17th April 640 00:50:06,000 --> 00:50:08,440 that the following officers and other ranks 641 00:50:08,600 --> 00:50:11,640 of Major General William Barrell's Regiment of Foot 642 00:50:11,720 --> 00:50:15,400 were either killed or have since died from wounds 643 00:50:15,520 --> 00:50:17,040 resulting from the glorious victory 644 00:50:17,160 --> 00:50:20,320 inflicted yesterday over the rebel army. 645 00:50:20,440 --> 00:50:23,640 Killed: Captain Lord Robert Kerr. 646 00:50:23,760 --> 00:50:26,360 Other ranks: Sergeant Pullman, 647 00:50:26,680 --> 00:50:30,480 Privates Baker, Barstow, Dyke, Finch, Lowell, 648 00:50:30,600 --> 00:50:33,880 Lawson, Meecham, Napper, Osbourne, 649 00:50:34,080 --> 00:50:35,560 Smart, Williamson. 650 00:50:36,120 --> 00:50:38,920 Wounded and since died in the surgeons' lines: 651 00:50:39,040 --> 00:50:40,480 Corporal Lockhart, 652 00:50:40,600 --> 00:50:43,800 Privates Davis, Pollock and Walker. 653 00:50:44,800 --> 00:50:46,720 Battalion, take care. 654 00:50:47,240 --> 00:50:50,200 Battalion will dismiss, save for the duty picket. 655 00:50:50,520 --> 00:50:52,560 Battalion, dismiss. 656 00:50:55,760 --> 00:50:58,840 You treated Private Walker a short while ago, Doctor? 657 00:50:58,960 --> 00:51:01,040 Yes... Yes, I did. 658 00:51:01,160 --> 00:51:02,920 What did he die of? 659 00:51:03,160 --> 00:51:06,040 This one? He died of shock, if I remember correctly. 660 00:51:06,240 --> 00:51:07,440 Why was that? 661 00:51:07,600 --> 00:51:10,160 He was an amputee. I had to take his arm off. 662 00:51:13,400 --> 00:51:17,440 Do you know what... what is our young Billy's pleasure 663 00:51:17,720 --> 00:51:21,240 because we fought with such gallantry? 664 00:51:21,920 --> 00:51:25,600 His Royal Highness thanks all ye officers and men 665 00:51:25,720 --> 00:51:27,280 for their gallant behaviour. 666 00:51:27,440 --> 00:51:29,280 Get out of it! Leave off! 667 00:51:29,640 --> 00:51:33,240 His Royal Highness releases all ye military prisoners 668 00:51:33,800 --> 00:51:37,240 who were this day in custody of the provost. 669 00:51:37,560 --> 00:51:41,080 - Have you heard about the wounded? - Well, yeh, some talk about it. 670 00:51:41,160 --> 00:51:44,880 They're gonna pay 12 guineas out of the Duke's own purse 671 00:51:45,080 --> 00:51:47,520 for all those wounded in the battle. 672 00:51:51,800 --> 00:51:53,640 For Lachlan MacDonald, 673 00:51:53,960 --> 00:51:57,960 who's been now lying on the moor two days with a severed right leg, 674 00:51:58,520 --> 00:52:00,320 there'll be no 12 guineas. 675 00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:10,560 Orders for Friday 18th April 1746. 676 00:52:11,320 --> 00:52:13,640 "A captain and 40 foot to march directly" 677 00:52:13,760 --> 00:52:14,960 "and visit all the cottages" 678 00:52:15,040 --> 00:52:17,520 "in the neighbourhood of the field of battle." 679 00:52:17,680 --> 00:52:20,040 "The officers and men will take notice" 680 00:52:20,160 --> 00:52:23,760 "that the public order of the rebels on the day of battle" 681 00:52:23,960 --> 00:52:26,000 "was to give us no quarter." 682 00:52:29,400 --> 00:52:31,000 Line up the bodies, men. 683 00:52:35,320 --> 00:52:36,840 Come on, quick as you can. 684 00:52:39,520 --> 00:52:41,520 There's another one over there. 685 00:52:47,360 --> 00:52:50,720 The public orders of the rebels to give no mercy to the royal army 686 00:52:50,920 --> 00:52:53,760 do not exist in any other form than a crude forgery 687 00:52:53,880 --> 00:52:56,760 alleged to have been found on the field of battle. 688 00:52:57,280 --> 00:53:00,080 All right, lad. We're only taking you to hospital. 689 00:53:00,240 --> 00:53:03,520 Bu! Whether he knows this public order is a forgery or not, 690 00:53:03,640 --> 00:53:08,920 Cumberland makes it his excuse to authorize what now happens. 691 00:53:11,920 --> 00:53:15,360 Battalion, present your firelock... 692 00:53:18,760 --> 00:53:21,080 at the man in front of you. 693 00:53:21,720 --> 00:53:22,920 Fire! 694 00:53:23,720 --> 00:53:26,320 The officer in charge of this execution squad 695 00:53:26,440 --> 00:53:28,400 is himself a Scotsman. 696 00:53:28,680 --> 00:53:32,400 Captain Scott, are many of the rebels being killed in this fashion? 697 00:53:32,560 --> 00:53:33,960 As many as we can find. 698 00:53:34,480 --> 00:53:37,120 I don't know how many men have been killed in this fashion. 699 00:53:37,320 --> 00:53:38,720 I fear to think. 700 00:53:39,320 --> 00:53:42,400 But just this morning I heard a Campbell officer saying that, 701 00:53:42,600 --> 00:53:46,360 in just one area, he himself saw 72 wounded rebels 702 00:53:46,520 --> 00:53:48,200 shot or clubbed on the head. 703 00:53:48,920 --> 00:53:50,880 Yes, I saw what was done. 704 00:53:51,000 --> 00:53:52,200 Did you agree with it? 705 00:53:52,360 --> 00:53:54,160 No, of course I didn't. 706 00:53:54,280 --> 00:53:58,240 I will always thank God that I had nothing to do with the black work. 707 00:53:58,960 --> 00:54:02,440 You must try to remember that this is a most difficult problem. 708 00:54:03,000 --> 00:54:06,480 I have talked much with officers from Lowland Scots regiments 709 00:54:06,760 --> 00:54:09,120 and they undoubtedly feel that these Highlanders 710 00:54:09,240 --> 00:54:12,240 are threatening their culture, their Protestant religion. 711 00:54:12,760 --> 00:54:16,360 They're threatening to disrupt their peace and their commerce. 712 00:54:18,120 --> 00:54:21,400 There's a great feeling of insecurity in the Lowlands. 713 00:54:21,560 --> 00:54:24,800 These people still remember the Highland host. 714 00:54:24,920 --> 00:54:27,800 They still remember the years of cattle thieves and murder, 715 00:54:28,080 --> 00:54:30,440 men coming down at night from the hills 716 00:54:30,520 --> 00:54:34,160 and extorting blackmail under pain of being robbed. 717 00:54:35,400 --> 00:54:38,400 You see, the Highlander talks a different language. 718 00:54:38,680 --> 00:54:40,920 He wears different clothes... 719 00:54:41,680 --> 00:54:46,080 and he undoubtedly has some uncouth and barbaric practices. 720 00:54:47,280 --> 00:54:48,920 For all these reasons, 721 00:54:49,440 --> 00:54:51,000 I think you'll find most Lowlanders 722 00:54:51,120 --> 00:54:53,520 hold the man from this part of the country 723 00:54:53,640 --> 00:54:55,440 in contempt and hatred. 724 00:54:56,000 --> 00:54:58,040 Much more so even than the English do. 725 00:54:58,440 --> 00:55:01,480 Why is your army treating the prisoners and the wounded like this? 726 00:55:01,640 --> 00:55:04,800 Of yourself, it's been said you're keeping the prisoners in Inverness 727 00:55:04,960 --> 00:55:07,000 without warmth, food and water. 728 00:55:07,120 --> 00:55:09,920 And that you're even withholding medical dressings from them. 729 00:55:10,080 --> 00:55:12,200 Surely this is against all bounds of humanity. 730 00:55:12,320 --> 00:55:15,520 Look, I think the point somewhat eludes you. 731 00:55:15,960 --> 00:55:18,360 These men are rebels and barbarians 732 00:55:18,520 --> 00:55:22,840 and as such are to be rated as cattle and treated as cattle. 733 00:55:24,160 --> 00:55:26,160 Get that thing back out the way, please. 734 00:55:26,280 --> 00:55:28,640 For three days and nights since the battle, 735 00:55:28,800 --> 00:55:31,760 these men, many of them stripped of their clothes, 736 00:55:31,880 --> 00:55:34,400 many of them dying from gaping wounds, 737 00:55:34,520 --> 00:55:37,080 have been lying in cold attics and clamp cellars, 738 00:55:37,160 --> 00:55:40,920 awaiting removal to the prison ships anchored in the firth. 739 00:55:41,200 --> 00:55:42,920 The British army authorities 740 00:55:43,040 --> 00:55:45,440 have withheld from them even medical dressings, 741 00:55:45,560 --> 00:55:48,640 thus hoping to solve the acute lack of prison space 742 00:55:48,760 --> 00:55:52,240 by ensuring the mortality rate remains high. 743 00:55:52,720 --> 00:55:54,680 They get no food, no light, 744 00:55:55,240 --> 00:55:57,160 no medical dressing. 745 00:55:58,120 --> 00:55:59,640 Get their headgear while you're about it. 746 00:55:59,880 --> 00:56:01,480 The belt here, too. 747 00:56:04,280 --> 00:56:06,960 The smell in here is terrible. 748 00:56:09,640 --> 00:56:12,600 This man next to me... 749 00:56:13,640 --> 00:56:15,760 I think he's dead. 750 00:56:17,920 --> 00:56:19,680 The way they are treating us, 751 00:56:19,880 --> 00:56:22,240 you'd think we were just animals. 752 00:56:24,560 --> 00:56:27,520 Robert MacLean, salmon fisher. 753 00:56:28,040 --> 00:56:31,360 To be tried without defence at an English trial, 754 00:56:31,480 --> 00:56:35,240 of which he is able to understand not a word spoken. 755 00:56:35,760 --> 00:56:38,480 His sentence, execution at York 756 00:56:38,680 --> 00:56:41,240 by being hanged, drawn and quartered. 757 00:56:41,480 --> 00:56:42,960 Check these shackles while you're about it. 758 00:56:44,240 --> 00:56:47,000 Ranald MacDonald, farmer. 759 00:56:47,320 --> 00:56:50,680 To wait in prison 14 months for a trial. 760 00:56:50,800 --> 00:56:54,680 Then sentenced at Brampton to be pulled through its streets on a sled 761 00:56:55,120 --> 00:56:58,120 and hanged, drawn and quartered. 762 00:56:59,840 --> 00:57:03,280 Charles Edward Stuart, believing the Scots to have betrayed him, 763 00:57:03,480 --> 00:57:05,400 refuses to listen to last-minute pleas 764 00:57:05,520 --> 00:57:07,600 to stay and fight in the mountains. 765 00:57:07,720 --> 00:57:11,600 Curtly and without a word of thanks he dismisses the Highland army. 766 00:57:11,760 --> 00:57:14,080 In his saddlebags the last of the Jacobite funds, 767 00:57:14,200 --> 00:57:16,480 which he has now decided to keep for himself, 768 00:57:16,600 --> 00:57:19,560 his need, he estimates, being greater. 769 00:57:20,720 --> 00:57:22,760 Alistair John Stewart, 770 00:57:23,120 --> 00:57:27,320 to lie 10 days in prison, untended, with a broken leg. 771 00:57:28,120 --> 00:57:30,880 To die on the 11th day of gangrene. 772 00:57:31,760 --> 00:57:34,880 John William O'Sullivan, soon to be safely in Rome. 773 00:57:35,600 --> 00:57:38,280 To tell King James of the good part he has played in the rising 774 00:57:39,000 --> 00:57:41,600 and to promptly receive first a knighthood 775 00:57:41,720 --> 00:57:43,640 and then a baronetcy. 776 00:57:45,120 --> 00:57:48,960 Alexander Sutherland, never brought to trial. 777 00:57:49,960 --> 00:57:51,640 Disposal unknown. 778 00:57:57,840 --> 00:57:59,360 Lord George Murray, 779 00:57:59,520 --> 00:58:02,560 who to the end blamed Prince Charles and his Irish administration 780 00:58:02,680 --> 00:58:04,360 for the defeat at Culloden, 781 00:58:04,480 --> 00:58:09,360 is soon to leave Scotland forever, forced to seek exile in Europe. 782 00:58:11,760 --> 00:58:15,240 Prince Charles refuses to see him again and never forgives him, 783 00:58:15,400 --> 00:58:17,600 blaming his opposition to his administration 784 00:58:17,680 --> 00:58:20,040 for the downfall of the Stuart cause. 785 00:58:20,160 --> 00:58:22,440 Bad day for us all, this. 786 00:58:23,440 --> 00:58:26,480 Lord George Murray, estimated by some 787 00:58:26,600 --> 00:58:29,760 as one of the most brilliant generals of the 18th century, 788 00:58:30,160 --> 00:58:32,440 who, if left to his own counsel, 789 00:58:32,520 --> 00:58:36,040 could perhaps have turned Culloden into a victory. 790 00:58:38,880 --> 00:58:40,640 Keep in step, now! 791 00:58:43,760 --> 00:58:48,320 May 23rd. The British army moves to Fort Augustus in the Great Glen. 792 00:58:48,480 --> 00:58:51,560 From here, the centre link in a chain of forts and garrisons 793 00:58:51,680 --> 00:58:55,600 stretching from Inverness in the east to Tobermory in the west, 794 00:58:55,720 --> 00:58:59,240 from Bernera in the north to Dumbarton in the south, 795 00:58:59,360 --> 00:59:01,840 the Duke of Cumberland mounts what he terms, 796 00:59:02,000 --> 00:59:04,960 "the pacification of the Highlands." 797 00:59:05,080 --> 00:59:07,040 Patrol of Bligh's, 798 00:59:07,680 --> 00:59:11,840 you will proceed on police action to Lochaber, 799 00:59:12,240 --> 00:59:15,400 with sufficient rations for two days. 800 00:59:15,800 --> 00:59:19,360 All right, lads. Fall out and pick up your firelocks. 801 00:59:20,080 --> 00:59:21,200 Move it! 802 00:59:25,640 --> 00:59:29,240 Lord Sackville, what is the function of these patrols. 803 00:59:29,440 --> 00:59:33,280 Their function is to march deep into the glens 804 00:59:33,400 --> 00:59:35,760 occupied by the rebels and their families 805 00:59:35,880 --> 00:59:38,680 and there, by vigorous police action, 806 00:59:38,840 --> 00:59:43,280 ensure that never again will these people disturb the peace of our land. 807 00:59:47,280 --> 00:59:50,560 May 30th. A military patrol under Lord George Sackville 808 00:59:50,720 --> 00:59:53,120 strikes deep into a corrie in Lochaber, 809 00:59:53,280 --> 00:59:55,440 searching for fugitive rebel families. 810 00:59:56,480 --> 00:59:57,840 This is one of them, 811 00:59:58,280 --> 01:00:02,520 sheltering from the rain 1,500 feet up the side of a hill face. 812 01:00:03,440 --> 01:00:06,360 Andrew McEachan, aged 25, 813 01:00:06,960 --> 01:00:10,400 who stood at Culloden, and who now, because of the patrols, 814 01:00:10,680 --> 01:00:12,800 has to hide in the hills like an animal. 815 01:00:15,320 --> 01:00:19,040 This is his wife, child and a friend called Mrs MacInnis. 816 01:00:19,600 --> 01:00:23,520 They have each been out in the open for the past eight days. 817 01:00:25,560 --> 01:00:27,960 This girl is suffering from severe flux 818 01:00:28,080 --> 01:00:30,040 as a result of damp clothes. 819 01:00:33,640 --> 01:00:37,320 The last meal this baby ate was a small fish caught yesterday 820 01:00:37,400 --> 01:00:39,400 and shared between the children. 821 01:00:41,840 --> 01:00:44,760 This little girl, forced to leave her home suddenly, 822 01:00:45,200 --> 01:00:49,480 has only a thin dress, a damp shawl and no shoes. 823 01:00:51,200 --> 01:00:53,600 At approximately 12 noon, May 30th, 824 01:00:53,680 --> 01:00:55,680 the family is sighted by the patrol. 825 01:00:56,240 --> 01:00:57,840 This is what happens. 826 01:01:04,480 --> 01:01:06,880 Right, then! 827 01:01:19,760 --> 01:01:21,680 NO! No! 828 01:01:41,440 --> 01:01:42,880 I dunno. 829 01:01:44,080 --> 01:01:45,600 All these officers keep telling us 830 01:01:45,720 --> 01:01:48,560 these people up here are a load of savages, but... 831 01:01:49,200 --> 01:01:52,880 I dunno, they looked like ordinary women and children up there to me. 832 01:01:54,000 --> 01:01:55,560 I didn't like it, what We did. 833 01:01:56,320 --> 01:01:58,480 I didn't like it at all. 834 01:02:00,760 --> 01:02:02,840 Look, let me tell you something. 835 01:02:03,440 --> 01:02:05,240 I had a mate at Falkirk. 836 01:02:05,560 --> 01:02:07,240 He had his head split open. 837 01:02:08,520 --> 01:02:09,960 Like that. 838 01:02:10,080 --> 01:02:12,800 So don't try and make me go all weeping, like, 839 01:02:12,880 --> 01:02:15,440 over what happens to these bastards. Eh? 840 01:02:15,680 --> 01:02:17,600 Just don't try it! 841 01:02:18,080 --> 01:02:20,920 Well satisfied with the result of his military occupation, 842 01:02:21,040 --> 01:02:24,120 Cumberland is to leave Scotland on July 18th. 843 01:02:24,240 --> 01:02:27,400 He leaves behind him, to finish the destruction of the rebel clans, 844 01:02:27,520 --> 01:02:30,760 not only an immense concentration of English and Lowland troops, 845 01:02:30,880 --> 01:02:33,560 not only the zealous help of all the Whig clans, 846 01:02:33,720 --> 01:02:37,600 but even the help of the chief of a rebel clan, Ludovick Grant, 847 01:02:37,840 --> 01:02:39,960 son of the Gram clan chief, 848 01:02:40,400 --> 01:02:42,840 who has hastily reorganized his loyalties 849 01:02:43,200 --> 01:02:47,080 and just delivered 82 of his own rebel clansmen to Cumberland 850 01:02:47,360 --> 01:02:49,880 for transportation to the Barbados, 851 01:02:50,400 --> 01:02:54,360 as proof of his unswerving allegiance to the Crown. 852 01:02:55,520 --> 01:02:58,760 Cumberland himself is to receive from London a tumultuous welcome. 853 01:02:58,960 --> 01:03:02,160 From the Government, a raise in salary of £25,000. 854 01:03:02,280 --> 01:03:03,720 From George Frederick Handel 855 01:03:03,840 --> 01:03:07,000 a choral work, See The Conquering Hero Comes. 856 01:03:07,240 --> 01:03:10,680 From the public, his name for a flower, Sweet William. 857 01:03:11,160 --> 01:03:15,760 From the Scots, his name for a weed, Stinking Billy. 858 01:03:20,280 --> 01:03:22,400 Month after month, the British army patrols 859 01:03:22,520 --> 01:03:25,440 scour every hill range and glen of northern Scotland 860 01:03:25,600 --> 01:03:28,200 in an attempt, as Cumberland puts it, 861 01:03:28,400 --> 01:03:32,640 "to wear down this generation until there be peace in the land.“". 862 01:03:33,560 --> 01:03:36,840 The patrols leave behind them a trail of brutality and suffering 863 01:03:37,040 --> 01:03:39,800 that is to earn for their commander undying loathing 864 01:03:39,960 --> 01:03:42,880 and the epithet Cumberland the Butcher. 865 01:03:42,960 --> 01:03:46,640 These three of his officers have already burnt, smashed, raped, 866 01:03:46,800 --> 01:03:49,240 looted and bayonetted their way from Glenurquhart to Moidart, 867 01:03:49,400 --> 01:03:51,320 committing, in the name of pacification, 868 01:03:51,480 --> 01:03:54,640 the worst atrocities in the history of the British army. 869 01:03:54,920 --> 01:03:58,240 Captain Caroline Frederick Scott, Lowlander. 870 01:03:58,960 --> 01:04:01,280 I agree with the senior staff officer, 871 01:04:01,400 --> 01:04:03,760 who has proposed that £5 be paid 872 01:04:03,880 --> 01:04:07,280 for the head of every rebel brought to Fort Augustus. 873 01:04:07,360 --> 01:04:09,880 Major lain Lockhart, Lowlander. 874 01:04:10,440 --> 01:04:14,360 Those found in arms are ordered to be immediately put to death 875 01:04:14,680 --> 01:04:18,240 and the houses of those who abscond are plundered and burned, 876 01:04:18,440 --> 01:04:22,640 their cattle drove, their ploughs and other tackle destroyed. 877 01:04:23,120 --> 01:04:27,360 Lord George Sackville, Englishman, third son of the Duke of Dorset. 878 01:04:28,160 --> 01:04:31,560 We have detachments in all parts of the Highlands. 879 01:04:31,920 --> 01:04:35,480 The people are deservedly in a most deplorable way 880 01:04:35,880 --> 01:04:39,680 and must perish, either by famine or by the sword. 881 01:04:40,560 --> 01:04:42,520 A just reward for traitors. 882 01:04:43,120 --> 01:04:46,720 We hang or shoot everyone that is known to conceal the Pretender, 883 01:04:47,400 --> 01:04:50,720 burn their houses, take their cattle. 884 01:04:51,120 --> 01:04:53,520 The Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart, 885 01:04:53,880 --> 01:04:56,960 object of the largest single manhunt in British history, 886 01:04:57,280 --> 01:04:59,600 now disguised as an ordinary clansman, 887 01:04:59,880 --> 01:05:03,000 much addicted to the little bottle he carries in his hip pocket, 888 01:05:03,400 --> 01:05:05,000 suffering from dysentery, 889 01:05:05,200 --> 01:05:06,920 is to spend the next five months 890 01:05:07,040 --> 01:05:10,000 scrambling amidst the rocks and hills of the Western Highlands, 891 01:05:10,240 --> 01:05:13,880 sheltered by its people, who remain loyal to him and never betray him, 892 01:05:14,520 --> 01:05:18,280 until, in September, he takes a ship for France and security, 893 01:05:18,440 --> 01:05:20,480 leaving behind him nothing, 894 01:05:20,720 --> 01:05:22,680 nothing but a legend, 895 01:05:23,440 --> 01:05:25,040 "Bonnie Prince Charlie." 896 01:05:26,160 --> 01:05:32,600 My bonnie moorhen My bonnie moorhen. 897 01:05:33,000 --> 01:05:36,880 Up in the grey hill Down in the glen. 898 01:05:37,440 --> 01:05:41,440 Charles Edward Stuart, the “bonnie moorhen, “ 899 01:05:41,880 --> 01:05:46,040 is to walk out of the lives of the people he has led into so much suffering 900 01:05:47,240 --> 01:05:50,640 with scarcely a backward look in their direction. 901 01:05:58,040 --> 01:06:00,560 The year of the Prince had ended 902 01:06:00,800 --> 01:06:03,960 but for the English Government, this was just the beginning. 903 01:06:04,400 --> 01:06:07,840 Systematically and with clue parliamentary legislation, 904 01:06:07,920 --> 01:06:11,800 they proceeded to eliminate ail the things that made this man unique 905 01:06:12,200 --> 01:06:14,800 and that gave him the strength they so feared. 906 01:06:14,960 --> 01:06:17,880 They penalized the wearing of his Highland dress, 907 01:06:18,480 --> 01:06:21,080 penalized the weaving of his Highland tartan, 908 01:06:21,960 --> 01:06:24,520 penalized the worshipping at his Church, 909 01:06:25,120 --> 01:06:27,440 penalized the carrying of his weapons, 910 01:06:27,880 --> 01:06:29,800 penalized the playing of his music. 911 01:06:30,800 --> 01:06:33,000 They removed the authority of his chief 912 01:06:33,120 --> 01:06:37,720 and, in one blow, smashed forever the system of his clan. 913 01:06:38,080 --> 01:06:40,960 They then encouraged his chief to lose interest in him, 914 01:06:41,520 --> 01:06:46,040 to evict him and to replace him by the more profitable sheep. 915 01:06:46,640 --> 01:06:50,680 Thus they reduced him to a homeless, unwanted oddity 916 01:06:51,200 --> 01:06:53,720 and finally forced him, in his hundreds of thousands, 917 01:06:53,840 --> 01:06:55,880 to leave the land of his birth 918 01:06:56,000 --> 01:06:58,800 for the canning industries of the North, 919 01:06:58,920 --> 01:07:01,760 for the disease-ridden slums of the South, 920 01:07:02,200 --> 01:07:04,240 for the lumber camps of Canada 921 01:07:04,440 --> 01:07:06,600 and the stockyards of Australia. 922 01:07:07,080 --> 01:07:08,600 And wherever he went, 923 01:07:08,800 --> 01:07:11,800 he took with him his music, his poetry, 924 01:07:12,280 --> 01:07:15,080 his language and his children. 925 01:07:17,160 --> 01:07:18,880 "On an April morning. 926 01:07:19,080 --> 01:07:21,240 "I no longer hear birdsongs 927 01:07:21,520 --> 01:07:23,680 "or the lowing of cattle on the moor. 928 01:07:24,800 --> 01:07:28,160 "I hear the noise of sheep and the English language, 929 01:07:28,760 --> 01:07:31,640 "dogs barking and frightening the deer.“". 930 01:07:33,840 --> 01:07:36,440 Thus, within a century from Culloden, 931 01:07:37,160 --> 01:07:39,200 the English and the Scottish Lowlanders 932 01:07:39,320 --> 01:07:41,240 had made secure forever 933 01:07:41,440 --> 01:07:43,960 their religion, their commerce, 934 01:07:44,240 --> 01:07:46,880 their culture, their ruling dynasty 935 01:07:47,760 --> 01:07:51,960 and, in so doing, had destroyed a race of people. 936 01:07:54,640 --> 01:07:56,480 They have created a desert 937 01:07:57,360 --> 01:08:00,120 and have called it "peace."